Ruteo Manual Básico a 2 Capas y Creación de Plano de Tierra.

How to lay out tracks on a PCB when there is no space?

Laying out a printed circuit board (PCB) requires precision and strategy, especially when faced with a lack of space for tracks. Here we show you how to take advantage of several techniques to manage space efficiently.

Why use a two-layer board?

• Compatibility and cost: Most tools, such as KiCad, default to two-layer cards because they are common and affordable.
• Ease of use: Two-layer cards are ideal for projects that require simple solutions without compromising the design.

How to lay out tracks on different layers?

When using a two-layer PCB, we can trace tracks using tools such as "Route Tracks", found in the right menu of KiCad. Here is the procedure:

1. Start Trace: Select the start pin and advance to a vertex.
2. Change layer: Press the V key to insert a path, allowing you to change layers.
3. Trace: Continue tracing on the new layer. Use color as a guide: green indicates layer changes.
4. Rearrange components: If necessary, move components with the M key and adjust tracks using D to drag them without losing 45 degree angles.

When and how to use vias?

Paths are used to connect different layers and give continuity to the tracks. Following the previous method, create vias using V on the keyboard every time you need to change layers.

How to handle tracing problems and disconnects?

When moving components, it is possible to disconnect tracks. Here are some tips:

1. Delete and re-install: If necessary, delete the track and re-trace it.
2. Adjust existing tracks: Drag tracks with D always taking care to maintain proper angles to avoid signal problems.

How important is the ground plane?

The ground plane is crucial in PCB design because:

• Reduces noise: It creates a Faraday cage effect that protects against interference.
• It isolates the tracks: It ensures that there is enough space to avoid short circuits.

How to create a ground plane?

1. Add fill areas: In the right menu, select this option.
2. Define area: Draw the rectangle covering the whole PCB and connect it to the ground network (GND).
3. Check spacing: Make sure that there is an isolation between the tracks and the ground plane.

How to guarantee a 100% rooted design?

• Check connections: Make sure you see no white lines indicating uncompleted connections.
• Use debugging tools: KiCad has a wizard that verifies your routes based on the rules defined during design, helping you to correct errors before production.

Always remember to save your project to avoid losses, and don't hesitate to experiment with the tools KiCad offers - PCB design is a skill that improves with practice and experimentation!