Distribución urbana o de primera milla

What is first mile distribution?

First-mile distribution is the initial logistics process that connects distribution centers with sales channels, transporting goods from factories to final consumption points, such as neighborhood stores or supermarkets. This process is essential to ensure that products reach the right consumers in a timely manner. The operation is carried out using mainly light vehicles that can range from dry cargo such as groceries to refrigerated cargo that requires a constant cold chain, such as dairy or meat products.

How is first-mile transportation classified?

Vehicles in first-mile distribution are classified by their capacity and the type of cargo they carry. These can range from small one-ton vehicles to larger twenty-ton vehicles.

• Dry cargo: Non-perishable products such as household appliances and groceries.
• Refrigerated cargo: Products that require a low temperature, such as dairy and meat products.

The structure of the vehicles also varies, as those transporting refrigerated cargo need adequate temperature control.

What are the main challenges in first-mile logistics?

First-mile logistics presents complex challenges due to restrictions in cities and the need to maintain an efficient and organized process.

What is cross docking and how does it help distribution?

Cross docking is an efficient logistics alternative where goods are shipped from factories to a central distribution center without storing the goods for long periods. This technique allows goods to be unloaded and quickly reloaded into smaller vehicles, which can easily access urban areas. This reduces clutter and better organizes the flow of goods to the points of sale.

How are delivery routes optimized?

Route optimization is critical to maximize delivery efficiency. This is achieved through the use of technology that allows planning the best route considering mobility and safety constraints. It includes:

1. Evaluation of digital maps to identify customer concentrations.
2. Separation of areas inaccessible due to security or restrictions.
3. Creation of heat maps to detect the best routes.

The goal is to fully utilize vehicle capacity and reduce clutter in routing processes.

What indicators are important in first mile management?

Measuring and managing key indicators ensures efficiency and reduces costs in the logistics process.

What indicators should be considered?

• Number of vehicles requested and actually used by the logistics operator.
• Duration of loading/unloading at the docks.
• Movements and times on the route.
• Total service time.
• Cost of the distribution and deliveryprocess.

The constant monitoring of these indicators allows identifying continuous improvements in the process and minimizing the impact of novelties such as returns, public order situations or long legalization times.

How to manage surprises in distribution?

Returns and problems during delivery, such as unsolicited orders or security situations, are common. It is essential to:

• Control and anticipate developments.
• Implement technology and security: Establish alerts for incidents and ensure effective cash handling, closing cash operations on a daily basis.
• Automate processes: Facilitate route planning and management through automated systems.

Adopting technological measures not only improves efficiency, but also increases safety by minimizing the risks inherent in transporting goods in urban areas.