Back up your Ideas

What is an argument?

We are in the exciting final stage of this module, where we will master the preparation of an effective speech. The secret to convincing and connecting with your audience lies in the strength of the arguments you present. An argument is essentially a statement of a feeling, idea or belief. From the choice of words to the types of arguments used, every detail matters. We will explore the four types of arguments: casual, anecdotal, statistical and expert. But when to use each and how to measure their impact?

What are the types of arguments?

Moments before you stand in front of your audience, it is crucial to choose the right type of argument that supports your message with clarity and power.

• Casual argument: This type of argument seeks to establish a cause and effect relationship. It is effective when you need to show how one event leads to another. For example, "Increased regular physical activity can result in reduced cardiovascular disease." It is essential, however, to make sure that the connection is logical and supported by evidence.

• Anecdotal argument: relies on personal experiences or stories to illustrate a point. It is powerful when seeking to humanize data or create an emotional connection with the audience. However, be careful not to rely too heavily on this type, as an anecdote does not always represent a universal truth.

• Statistical argument: Support the statement with numbers and hard data. When you need to demonstrate the prevalence of a phenomenon, this type is infallible. For example, "75% of companies that invest in vocational training have reported an increase in productivity." The success of this argument depends on the validity of the sources used.

• Expert argument: Supports the point of view with the opinion of someone recognized in the field. It is ideal when you need to add credibility to your claims. Quoting an expert can significantly influence the audience's perception and acceptance of your message.

When to use each type of argument?

Choosing the right time for each type of argument can make a difference in the effectiveness of your speech.

• Use causal arguments to clarify the relationships between events, especially when the audience might be confused about why something is happening.

• Anecdotal arguments are useful at the beginning of a speech to capture attention and generate empathy or at the end to leave a lasting impression.

• Opt for statistical arguments when your audience is skeptical or when you want to reinforce a central point with undeniable facts.

• Use expert arguments when your audience needs persuasion through authority or when complex issues require simplification and credibility.

How do you measure the impact of arguments?

The impact of an argument is not always immediately apparent. However, there are strategies for assessing whether your message is resonating with the audience.

• Feedback: Ask for comments after the presentation. Ask colleagues or mentors about their perception of the effectiveness of the message.

• Audience participation: Observe reactions in real time. Questions, murmurs of agreement or smiles can indicate whether your points are being well received.

• Long-term effectiveness: Evaluate whether you have succeeded in changing your audience's perception or behavior over time. A follow-up survey or analysis of subsequent results can be enlightening.

Always remember to download and use the workbook that accompanies this module. This resource is essential to guide you in preparing your speech script and ensuring that your arguments are not only powerful, but also strategically utilized. Move forward with confidence toward your success as a presenter!