No tienes acceso a esta clase

¡Continúa aprendiendo! Únete y comienza a potenciar tu carrera

Preguntas médicas y diagnósticos clínicos básicos

6/21
Recursos

¿Cuáles son los pasos para realizar un diagnóstico médico a través de preguntas?

El arte de diagnosticar correctamente requiere de comunicación eficaz entre el médico y el paciente. Para lograrlo, es fundamental que el médico pueda formular preguntas certeras y específicas. De esta manera, no solo se identifican los síntomas, sino también se inclina hacia un diagnóstico preciso. A continuación, vamos a explorar cómo se lleva a cabo este proceso.

¿Por qué es importante escuchar atentamente las preguntas del médico?

Las preguntas del médico están diseñadas para extraer información clave sobre tus síntomas. Estas pueden abarcar desde, por ejemplo, "¿Te duele más o menos el brazo cuando lo muevo así?", hasta consultar sobre la duración del dolor, "¿Cuánto hace que te duele el estómago?". La precisión en estas preguntas permite al médico identificar la posible causa del problema. Aquí hay algunos ejemplos de lo que suelen buscar:

  • Duración del síntoma: Una pregunta que indague sobre el tiempo que has sufrido el dolor puede ser indicativa de su severidad o su evolución.
  • Localización del dolor: Preguntas que requieran señalar el lugar exacto del dolor ayudan a determinar la causa específica de este.
  • Condiciones que agravan o alivian el dolor: Esto ayuda a descifrar si está asociado a alguna actividad o posición específica.

¿Qué papel juegan los síntomas descritos por el paciente?

Los síntomas exprimidos verbalmente por el paciente son vitales para construir un cuadro clínico. Las descripciones claras y detalladas, como mencionar que el dolor ha ido "empeorando" o que sientes cierta resonancia "en lo más profundo de tu pecho", permiten al médico correlacionar estos detalles con posibles afecciones. Por ejemplo, sonidos profundos al respirar podrían indicar neumonía, mientras que un dolor continuo en el estómago podría sugerir una infección.

  • Zonas afectadas: Identificar el lugar del síntoma es crucial para determinar el examen necesario, como una radiografía o resonancia magnética.
  • Características del dolor: La naturaleza del dolor — si es agudo, constante, o intermitente — ayuda a diferenciar entre esguinces, fracturas o tensiones.
  • Síntomas adicionales: Elementos como fiebre, escalofríos o dificultad para respirar pueden orientar hacia un diagnóstico específico, como COVID-19 o una infección grave.

¿Cómo se llega a un diagnóstico?

El diagnóstico final es el resultado de un proceso de eliminación y corroboración de hipótesis clínicas, basado en la información proporcionada anteriormente. A menudo, es necesario realizar pruebas adicionales, como radiografías o resonancias magnéticas, para confirmar el diagnóstico inicial sugerido por los síntomas y las respuestas del paciente.

  1. Confirmación con pruebas: Las radiografías y resonancias permiten observar estructuras internas y confirmar lesiones como fracturas o inflamaciones.
  2. Prescripción de tratamientos inmediatos: En algunos casos, el médico puede recetar antibióticos o terapias, como tratamiento con hielo y calor, antes de recibir los resultados finales, basándose en la experiencia clínica.
  3. Recomendaciones de seguimiento: Muchas veces, escucharás recomendaciones como descanso, aislamiento en casos de contagio, o ingestión adecuada de líquidos.

El camino hacia un diagnóstico preciso es una carretera pavimentada por preguntas inteligentes y una comunicación efectiva. Recuerda, en tu próxima visita médica, ser claro y detallado en tus respuestas para obtener el mejor cuidado posible. Además, si tienes preguntas adicionales en mente, no dudes en formularlas a tu médico. Esta interacción no solo enriquece el diagnóstico, sino que también contribuye a un tratamiento exitoso.

Aportes 27

Preguntas 0

Ordenar por:

¿Quieres ver más aportes, preguntas y respuestas de la comunidad?

1. Doctor patient dialogue and doctor diagnosis 1
Doctor: Good morning. How can I help you today?
Patient: Hi, Doctor. I’ve been experiencing a persistent cough for the past two weeks.
Doctor: I see. Is the cough accompanied by any other symptoms like fever or difficulty breathing?
Patient: No, I don’t have a fever, but I do feel a bit tired.
Doctor: Alright. Based on your symptoms, it’s possible that you have a respiratory infection. I recommend doing a throat swab to check for any bacterial or viral infections. We’ll have the results in a day or two.

2. Doctor patient dialogue and doctor diagnosis 2:
Doctor: Good morning. How can I assist you today?
Patient: Hi, Doctor. I’ve been having severe headaches for the past week.
Doctor: I’m sorry to hear that. Can you describe the nature of the headaches? Are they accompanied by any visual disturbances or nausea?
Patient: The headaches are throbbing, and I have been experiencing nausea along with sensitivity to light.
Doctor: Based on your symptoms, it’s likely that you are experiencing migraines. We can discuss lifestyle modifications and prescribe medications to manage the pain and prevent future episodes.

**Questions and Diagnoses.** Practice: \- Post 2 hypothetical questions asked by the doctor. \- Describe the symptoms. \- For each of them, give the doctor’s diagnoses. Case number 1: Symptoms: A patient comes to the doctor's office complaining of a persistent cough, and difficulty breathing. Doctor's Questions: \- When did you first notice these symptoms? I began to notice 2 weeks ago. \- have the symptoms been getting worse over time? Yes, they have. Doctor's Diagnosis: Based on the symptoms described, the doctor may suspect the patient has developed bronchitis. The persistent cough with phlegm, back pain, and difficulty breathing, are common symptoms of bronchitis. The doctor may order further tests such as a chest X-ray to confirm the diagnosis and prescribe antibiotics to treat the infection. Case number 2: Symptoms: A patient presents abdominal pain, bloating, and diarrhea. They report feeling nauseous after eating sometimes and have experienced unintended weight loss over the past few months. Doctor's Questions: \- Can you describe the nature of your abdominal pain? Is it constant or does it come and go? My abdominal pain is bad and generally, I have pain 30 minutes after eating, and come and go. \- Have you made any changes to your diet recently? No, I haven’t. Doctor's Diagnosis: Based on the symptoms described, the doctor may suspect the patient is suffering from a stomach infection. The abdominal pain, bloating, diarrhea, nausea after eating, and unintended weight loss are typical symptoms of stomach infection. The doctor may order further tests such as blood tests, and stool tests to confirm the diagnosis and may prescribe medications to manage the inflammation and symptoms.

Please, Mr Rose, tell me one thing more about your symptoms in the stomach.

Emmm, no, it is backache, and my back hurts since yesterday here.

  • Does your arm hurt more when I move it I like this? Yes, it does. I feel more pain when I move it.

  • How long has your stomach been hurting? My stomach has been hurting for five days.

I think you have an infection.

Please take this medication I will see you in two days.

  • Does your knee hurt when you walk or run?
    No, it only hurts when I crouch for like fifteen or twenty seconds.
    I see, I’m afraid you may have arthrosis.
  • How long haven’t you sleep well?
    I can’t remember the last time I slept the whole night, it could be a few months ago
    I think you can have insomnia
1. Doctor: Where did you get that procedure? Patient: At a garage nearby my house. Doctor: You've got a bad infection in your toe, please do not trust people outside the hospital when it's about your health. 1. Doctor: do you know if you're allergic on any food or medicine? Patient: yes I can't eat sea food neither take aspirin. Doctor: have you consumed any of this tow lately? Patient: No Doctor: Ok, I think your rash is because of your work with strong chemicals, please make sure to wear safety clothes during your working sessions and hydrate your skin with cream and if you feel itchy please avoid scratching 'cause you can hurt yourself badly
Here's my dialogue: 1. D: How long has your voice been hoarse? P: It's been 3 months since I finished working in the garden D: You may have functional dysphonia
does your arm hurts more when i move it like this? yes (broken arm) how long have you had this sorethrought ?since a few days (covid)
* How long has your back been hurting? * Well, it has been hurting for almost three weeks and a half. * I'm afraid you have a backache. * Let's get an MRI so we can see more clearly inside. * Can you take a deep breath in and breathe out slowly, please? * Yes, I can do that! * **Oh no! You have a Subacute back pain. Let me write an antibiotic prescription for you. And then I'd like you to come back in a week.** * **Ok thanks! They will help me to recover quickly, right?** * **Yes, of course! Please, get some rest and drink plenty of liquids.**
Conversation 1: -Doctor: How long has you had this headache? -Patient: For two weeks now. -Doctor: You need to take these pills and you have to drink a lot of water during the day. Conversation 2: Doctor: Does your back hurt if I touch right here? Patient: Yes, it hurts a lot if you touch there. Doctor: Let me order an X-ray to see what's wrong there.
PATIENT: Good morning doc. DOCTOR: Good morning, how can i help you today? PATIENT: OH my doc i haven't could sleep with this pain in my knee. DOCTOR: OK, so does your knee hurt when you move it like this? PATIENT: OH, doc currently my knee hurts when i move it from all sides and when i get up in the morning i can't walk and tears fall from my eyes. DOCTOR: i am afraid maybe you might have bone spurs. so let me prescribe you some medicine for the pain and i am going to do an order for a x-ray and MRI because your pain its not normal. and i'd like you to come back when you get the result. PATIENT: OK doc so i'l take my medicine and i 'll be back when i get the results.
Doctor: Hi! How long have you been feeling tired? P: I have been feeling tired ever since I was on Holidays in Cartagena. D. Have you tried any street food? p. Well, I got some tamales there. Actually, I have been with nauseas since this. D. I'm afraid you have a stomach infection. Let's prescribed some antibiotics and follow up in a week,.
1. How long you been having that sore neck? Since 2 nights, I can't move my neck fast to the left. I see, I think you have torticolis. 2. Does you hand hurt when I touch you here? YES, it hurts so bad. I think its broken, we need an x- ray to see more clearly.
**D:** Have you been traveling a lot recently or interacting with a lot of people, maybe with someone that had similar symptoms as you? **P:** Yes, I have been went to a conference a week ago and I met a lot of people there, I think I have to mention that I went with a friend that has the same symptoms as me. **D:** Then I will say that you might have Covid-19, let’s do a test to see if it’s true. \--- **D:** From a scale of 1 to 10, how much does your ankle hurt? **P:** I will say 6, it is still bearable but quite uncomfortable and I want to get rid of it as soon as possible **D:** Then it might be just a sprain, but lets run some X-rays just to be 100% sure

"Questions and diagnoses"
Doctor: Hello! Tell me what can I do for you?
Patient: My stomach hurts.
Doctor: How long has your stomach hurt?
Patient: For ten days.
Doctor: I think you have an infection. Please take this medicine. See you in two days.

  • MRI: Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is a medical imaging technique used in radiology to form pictures of the anatomy and the physiological processes of the body.
    If you want to know more about it: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Magnetic_resonance_imaging

  • Chest: Pecho (in this context) / Cómoda (in another context)

How long has you foot been hurting like this?
It’s been ever since I played soccer.
Oh I can see, I thinks is just a sprained, but let’s take an x-ray.

diagnoses: diagnósticos
pneumonia: neumonía
recover: recuperar
plenty: mucho
worse: peor
isolate: aislar
bothering: molestando
strained: tenso

what should I do if I hurt my face?
Symptoms strong pain in the skiing and purple color the blow diagnodid blow to the face administer ointment for 3 days and a cream to avoid itching.

Doctor. How long has your arm been hurting like this?

Patient. Well, i think a couple of weeks ago.

Doctor. And what do you feel when i touch your elbow.

Patien. A lot of pain over there!

Doctor. Your arm may be broken. Let’s do an X-ray to see how it’s relly.

Practice:
Doctor: Hi! Tell me what can I do for you?
Patient: My ankles are swollen, and I feel very tired.
Doctor: I see. That can be for many things. Let’s do these blood tests to check your kidneys, while, raise your legs for 15 minutes three times a day, and drink enough water, 6 or 8 glasses a day, When you get results, please come back.

I have irritable colon.

  • How long have you been feeling that pain in your back?
    It’s been hurting for a few days, and the location is here.
    Maybe is just sprained, let’s do some x-rays.
  • How long has your stomach been hurting?
    It’s been hurting for weeks.
  • Did your arm hurt more or less when I move it like this?
    It hurts more when you move it like that.
    Your arm is broken

Hypothetical questions asked by the doctor:

  1. Show me if you can move your arm in this way and tell me if there is any discomfort
  2. Now, please inhale, hold the air, and exhale slowly.

Symptoms:

  1. I have an annoying pain in the neck and shoulder that irradiates the arm. It hurt almost all day, but at night is worse.
  2. I can’t sleep from the cough.

Diagnoses:

  1. I thing you have torticollis. You must do exercises and take analgesics.

Questions and diagnoses

D: How long has your neck been hurting?
P: It’s been hurting for two weeks
D: I think you get stressed. I’ll prepare for you a routine that includes exercises but I need you to rest a lot.
P: Thanks.

D: How long has your hip been hurting?
P: It’s been hurting since I crashed my car.
D: Can you move your hip fast right to left?
P: Yes I can but I feel pain when I do that.
D: I think your hip is broken, I’ll book you an X-ray because the treatments for the hip are so special.
D: For now I’ll recommend that you move your hip as less times as possible.

  • Okay jenni, I was ever since you feel hurt in your shoulder?

  • I have been hurting since one week ago

  • You feel hurt when you’re moving your shoulder or your arm?

  • well… today, yes. But before I don’t felt anything

  • Do you feel anything more?

  • No, it’s all doctor

  • Jenni, I’m going to prescribe this medicine and I need that you stop to doing exercise, that involve to move your shoulder. Okay?

  • Okay Doctor, I’m going to watch out and care my shoulder

  • Jenni… Come back if you need anything else, please

  • Ok doctor, thank you!