The TOEFL exam assesses test takers’ ability to read and comprehend academic texts in English. The reading section consists of three to four passages, each approximately 700 words in length. The passages are selected from various academic disciplines, such as social sciences, natural sciences, humanities, and business.

Test takers are required to read each passage carefully and answer 10 to 14 questions per passage within a time limit of 60 to 80 minutes. The questions are multiple-choice and may ask the test taker to identify the main idea, supporting details, vocabulary, rhetorical purpose, and/or organization of the passage. Some questions may also require the test taker to make inferences or draw conclusions based on the information in the passage.

The reading section is designed to evaluate the test taker’s reading comprehension skills and ability to extract information from complex texts. Test takers are also assessed on their ability to analyze and synthesize information from multiple sources.

In summary, the reading section of the TOEFL exam assesses the test taker’s ability to read and comprehend academic texts in English and their capacity to answer questions based on the information presented in these texts.

In this module, we’ll explore everything you need to know to excel in the  TOEFL reading section, covering question types, strategies, and tips. #### **1. Note-Taking Requirements** * **Home TOEFL iBT**: Use a whiteboard or plastic sleeve for note-taking, which must be erased at the end. * **Testing Center**: Requirements may differ, so confirm with your test center if applicable. #### **2. Topics in the Reading Section** * The reading section can cover various fields, such as: * Chemistry * Economics * **Purpose**: Tests your **reading skills** rather than your knowledge of specific subjects. #### **3. Focus of the Course** * **Goal**: This course is not about teaching English; it's about teaching you **how to take the TOEFL**. * **Language Skills**: If you need more foundational English help, consider reviewing additional language courses first. #### **4. Skills Needed for the Reading Section** * **Main Ideas**: Identify the main points of the text. * **Scanning**: Find specific details quickly. * **Vocabulary**: Understand words and phrases in context. * **Drawing Conclusions**: Make logical inferences. * **Comparisons**: Identify similarities and differences. * **Paraphrasing**: Restate ideas in your own words. #### **5. Types of Questions in the Reading Section** You’ll encounter the following question types: * **Factual**: Basic facts from the text. * **Short Factual and Negative Factual**: Specific details and identifying what is *not* true. * **Vocabulary**: Meaning of words or phrases. * **Inference**: Make assumptions based on information given. * **Rhetorical Purpose and Organization**: Why certain information is presented in a particular way. * **Sentence Reference**: Identify statements in context. * **Summary/Chart Completion**: Summarize ideas or complete charts.

Certainly! Here's the corrected text: \--- \*\*The Rise of Teotihuacán\*\* 1\. The city of Teotihuacán, which lay about 50 kilometers northeast of modern-day Mexico City, began its growth by 200-100 B.C. At its height, between about A.D. 150 and 700, it probably had a population of more than 125,000 people and covered at least 20 square kilometers. It had over 2,000 apartment complexes, a great market, a large number of industrial workshops, an administrative center, a number of massive religious edifices, and a regular grid pattern of streets and buildings. Clearly, much planning and central control were involved in the expansion and ordering of this great metropolis. Moreover, the city had economic and perhaps religious contacts with most parts of Mesoamerica (modern Central America and Mexico). 2\. How did this tremendous development take place, and why did it happen in the Teotihuacán Valley? Among the main factors are Teotihuacán's geographic location on a natural trade route to the south and east of the Valley of Mexico, the obsidian resources in the Teotihuacán Valley itself, and the valley's potential for extensive irrigation. The exact role of other factors is much more difficult to pinpoint—for instance, Teotihuacán's religious significance as a shrine, the historical situation in and around the Valley of Mexico toward the end of the first millennium B.C., the ingenuity and foresightedness of Teotihuacán's elite, and finally, the impact of natural disasters, such as the volcanic eruptions of the late first millennium B.C. 3\. This last factor is at least circumstantially implicated in Teotihuacán's rise. Prior to 200 B.C., a number of relatively small centers coexisted in and near the Valley of Mexico. Around this time, the largest of these centers, Cuicuilco, was seriously affected by a volcanic eruption, with much of its agricultural land covered by lava. With Cuicuilco eliminated as a potential rival, any one of a number of relatively modest towns might have emerged as a leading economic and political power in Central Mexico. The archaeological evidence clearly indicates, though, that Teotihuacán was the center that did arise as the predominant force in the area by the first century A.D. 4\. It seems likely that Teotihuacán's natural resources—along with the city elite's ability to recognize their potential—gave the city a competitive edge over its neighbors: The valley, like many other places in Mexican and Guatemalan highlands, was rich in obsidian. The hard volcanic stone was a resource that had been in great demand for many years, at least since the rise of the Olmecs (a people who flourished between 1200 and 400 B.C.), and it apparently had a secure market. Moreover, recent research on obsidian tools found at Olmec sites has shown that some of the obsidian obtained by the Olmecs originated near Teotihuacán. Teotihuacán obsidian must have been recognized as a valuable commodity for many centuries before the great city arose. 5\. Long-distance trade in obsidian probably gave the elite residents of Teotihuacán access to a wide variety of exotic goods, as well as a relatively prosperous life. Such success may have attracted immigrants to Teotihuacán. In addition, Teotihuacán's elite may have consciously attempted to attract new inhabitants. It is also probable that as early as 200 B.C., Teotihuacán may have achieved some religious significance and its shrine (or shrines) may have served as an additional population magnet. Finally, the growing population was probably fed by increasing the number and size of irrigated fields. 6\. The picture of Teotihuacán that emerges is a classic picture of positive feedback among obsidian mining and working, trade, population growth, irrigation, and religious tourism. The thriving obsidian operation, for example, would necessitate more miners, additional manufacturers of obsidian tools, and additional traders to carry the goods to new markets. All this led to increased wealth, which in turn would attract more immigrants to Teotihuacán. The growing power of the elite, who controlled the economy, would give them the means to physically coerce people to move to Teotihuacán and serve as additions to the labor force. More irrigation works would have to be built to feed the growing population, and this resulted in more power and wealth for the elite. \* Copyright © 2019 by Educational Testing Service. All rights reserved. ETS, the ETS logo, TOEFL, and TOEFL iBT are registered trademarks of Educational Testing Service (ETS) in the United States and other countries.