¿Qué es una transacción?

Transactions represent a set of operations or actions that must be treated as an atomic and indivisible unit. They are used to ensure data consistency and integrity, which implies that all operations are fulfilled or none in case of failures.

Commit: The commit is an operation used to successfully complete a transaction.

Rollback: Rollback is an operation used to undo all changes made in a transaction and return the database to its pre-transaction state.

Java transactions with JDBC follow the ACID model, which guarantees the following properties:

• Atomicity: A transaction is considered an atomic unit, which means that all of its operations are executed in their entirety or none of them are executed at all. If any error or failure occurs during the transaction, all operations performed up to the point where the error occurred are rolled back.
• Consistency: The transaction must ensure that the database moves from one valid state to another valid state. This implies that all data integrity rules and constraints are maintained before and after the transaction.
• Isolation: Transactions must be isolated from each other, which means that changes made by one transaction should not be visible to other transactions until the transaction has completed successfully. This avoids concurrency problems and ensures data consistency.
• Durability: Once a transaction completes successfully, changes made to the database should be permanent and persist even in the event of system failures or restarts.