Uso de "should", "must" y negaciones en inglés básico

Knowing how to communicate at a doctor's office is one of the most practical skills you can develop in English. This role play between Cesar and his doctor covers essential grammar structures and vocabulary that will help you express symptoms, understand medical advice, and talk about obligations — all in a real-life context.

How do you describe symptoms and explain why you visit a doctor?

When Cesar arrives at the doctor's office, the doctor asks a very common question: "What brings you here today?" [0:28]. This is a polite and professional way doctors start a conversation. Cesar explains his problem using the preposition "because of" to state the reason for his visit: "I came here today because of the color of my eyes" [0:33].

He then describes his symptoms clearly:

• His eyes are red.
• They started itching two days ago.
• He cannot go one minute without them itching [0:49].

The word "without" is used here to express that the itching never stops. This is a great example of how prepositions like "of", "with", and "without" help describe possession and attribution in everyday English.

What does "must" mean when talking about urgency?

Cesar says "I must see a doctor as soon as possible" [1:02]. Here, "must" expresses a strong personal obligation or urgent need. He felt the situation was serious enough that he couldn't wait. The doctor confirms this was the right decision but immediately gives advice: "You shouldn't touch your eyes, young man" [1:13]. The word "should" combined with "not" is perfect for giving gentle recommendations.

How do doctors give advice and prescribe medicine in English?

The doctor investigates the cause by asking "Have you done something unusual lately?" [1:27]. Cesar mentions he went on a cruise and visited the pool every day. The doctor concludes the chlorine in the water caused the infection [1:44].

Notice the phrase "You have to be careful" [1:39]. While "must" and "have to" both express obligation, "have to" often sounds slightly less formal and is very common in spoken English.

The doctor then prescribes treatment using clear instructions:

• Use eye drops for five days, twice a day [2:04].
• Use a cotton swab with a saline solution at least three times a day to clean the eyes [2:10].
• Keep hands as far away from the eyes as possible [2:35].

How do you confirm you understood instructions?

Cesar uses a very useful strategy: "I would like to repeat and see if I understood" [2:19]. This phrase shows politeness and ensures there are no misunderstandings. Repeating medical instructions back to your doctor is a smart habit in any language.

The expression "I would like" demonstrates a polite way to state a desire. On the other hand, structures like "don't want to" and "wouldn't like" are used to deny intentions and desires, as seen when Cesar admits it is difficult not wanting to touch his eyes [1:19].

What vocabulary should you remember from a doctor's visit?

Several practical words appear throughout this conversation that are worth memorizing:

• Itching: the uncomfortable sensation that makes you want to scratch [0:46].
• Infection: when bacteria or irritants cause a health problem [0:55].
• Prescribe: what a doctor does when recommending medicine [1:57].
• Drops: liquid medicine applied to the eyes [2:04].
• Cotton swab: a small tool used for cleaning [2:10].
• Saline solution: a salt-water mixture used for medical cleaning [2:11].
• Chlorine: the chemical found in swimming pools [1:47].

These terms frequently appear in medical contexts, and knowing them gives you confidence during real appointments.

Now it is your turn to practice. Think about these two questions: What was the reason Cesar had red eyes? And what kind of medicine does he have to take, and how often? Share your answers and keep building your English skills one conversation at a time.