Hábitos que Afectan Negativamente la Salud y Cómo Mejorarlos

Curso de Salud y Bienestar en el Mundo Actual

Clase 9 de 20

Clase 9 / 20

Recursos

Breaking free from unhealthy habits is one of the most powerful decisions you can make for your well-being. Understanding exactly how staying up late, smoking, and drinking alcohol affect your body gives you the knowledge and motivation to start making real changes — and that's precisely what this lesson covers.

Why does staying up late damage your health?

Sleep deprivation triggers a chain of consequences that most people underestimate. When you stay up late, your body releases a hormone called ghrelin [01:00], which increases hunger throughout the following day. This hormonal shift raises the risk of overweight and obesity significantly.

Beyond weight gain, poor sleep leads to cognitive disorders [01:18]. Concentrating, focusing, and completing simple tasks like problem-solving become much harder. There is also a direct connection to dementia and Alzheimer's disease through substances called amyloid proteins [01:30]. During sleep, your body clears these byproducts from your central nervous system. When you don't sleep enough, amyloid proteins build up in your brain, increasing the risk of neurodegenerative conditions.

Poor sleep is linked to depression and anxiety [01:55].
You are two times more likely to develop heart disease and high blood pressure [02:12].
Your immune system weakens, making it harder to fight bacterial and viral infections [02:23].

How can you improve your sleep quality?

Creating the right environment is essential. A dark room stimulates the release of melatonin [02:44], the hormone that signals your brain it's time to sleep. Electronic devices emit blue light [03:05], which blocks melatonin production and makes falling asleep much more difficult. Staying away from screens at least 30 minutes before bed [03:22] is a practical step you can take tonight.

Reserve your bed exclusively for sleeping — avoid eating or working in bed [03:35].
Maintain a consistent schedule, going to bed and waking up at the same time every day [03:47].
Practice breathing exercises, meditation, or body scans [04:02] to calm your nervous system before sleep.

How do smoking and alcohol affect your body?

Smoking remains the leading cause of lung cancer, responsible for 80 to 90 percent of all lung cancer cases [04:34]. It also damages your cardiovascular system, increasing the risk of arteriosclerosis and high blood pressure. The connection to chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases like emphysema [04:47] is critical: cigarette smoke destroys the alveoli, the tiny structures responsible for exchanging oxygen and carbon dioxide in your lungs.

Smoking compromises your reproductive organs by reducing oxygen supply [05:05].
Your immune system suffers, leaving you vulnerable to infections [05:14].

Alcohol brings its own serious consequences. Two liver conditions deserve special attention. Steatosis [05:40], commonly known as fatty liver, occurs when fat cells accumulate and enlarge the liver. Cirrhosis [05:55] is even more severe — toxins from alcohol destroy liver cells, replacing healthy tissue with scar tissue, which prevents the liver from filtering blood properly.

Alcohol is also a leading cause of cancer anywhere in the digestive tract [06:14], causes cognitive impairment [06:20], and weakens your immune response over time.

What triggers make you return to old habits?

Three types of triggers can pull you back [07:27]. Physical triggers occur when you see someone else engaging in the habit — watching a friend smoke, for example. Emotional triggers arise from stress, frustration, or life challenges. Behavioral triggers are tied to rituals you've built around the habit, like smoking with a cup of coffee or right after lunch [07:55].

Recognizing these triggers is the first step toward replacing harmful rituals with healthier alternatives that still satisfy your need for routine.

What is resilience and why does it matter for change?

Resilience [08:18] is the inner strength to overcome difficulties and persist through challenges. You cannot control what other people do or what life throws at you, but you can absolutely control how you respond [08:30]. That distinction is everything when changing deeply rooted habits.

Building a support group [06:50] of family, friends, or even fellow learners makes a significant difference. Sharing your experiences openly helps others while reinforcing your own commitment. Being kind and non-judgmental toward yourself [07:05] is equally important — change takes time, and patience with yourself is not optional.

Reflect on a challenging time in your life: what helped you cope, who supported you, and which character strengths [09:07] carried you through? Sharing that story might be exactly what someone else needs to hear to begin their own transformation.